Higan cherry (Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis')

Overview

The Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’, widely known as the Higan cherry, is valued by gardeners for its tendency to put on a sparse, but welcome, bloom in the autumn and fall, following its main display in spring. This deciduous tree develops a pleasing, rounded, and symmetrical crown over time, making it an excellent specimen plant in defined landscape spaces. Unlike many flowering cherries, cultivars of this Higan cherry exhibit superior tolerance for both summer heat and winter cold.

This cultivar typically reaches 20 to 35 feet tall, making it a manageable size for many suburban settings. While the primary appeal lies in its attractive pale pink spring flowers, the promise of intermittent fall blossoms gives the landscape interest across multiple seasons. Pruning needs are relatively low, contributing to its overall ease of care.

Gardeners seeking reliable spring color combined with multi-seasonal interest will find the Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ a rewarding addition. Its manageable stature and established hardiness make it a dependable choice when sited correctly in full sun.

Fast Facts

• Plant Family: Rosaceae
• Plant Type: Tree
• Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 4-8
• Size at Maturity:
  • Height: 20-35 ft
  • Spread: 15-30 ft
• Bloom Time: April
• Bloom Description: Pink
• Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade
• Water Needs: Medium
• Maintenance Level: Low

How to Grow

Planting Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ is best accomplished in the early spring or fall, allowing the roots time to establish before seasonal extremes. These trees require well-drained loams that are moist and fertile for optimal health and flowering performance. While they tolerate partial shade, achieving the best and fullest bloom requires placement in full sun.

Watering should be consistent, falling under the “Medium” category, especially during the establishment period and throughout dry summer spells. Fertilization is generally not critical if the soil is fertile; however, avoid excessive nitrogen which can promote weak, overly rapid growth susceptible to pests. Maintenance is generally low.

Pruning should focus primarily on removing dead, damaged, or crossing branches (three Ds) during the dormant season. Gardeners should note that this species shows better tolerance for both summer heat and winter cold compared to many other ornamental cherries. Be mindful of potential spring frosts during the initial bloom period, though the tree is robust.

Landscape Uses

As a cultivated small flowering tree, the Higan cherry excels when used as a specimen where its symmetrical canopy can be appreciated fully. It works wonderfully as focal points near entryways or lawns, providing essential vertical accent in the garden structure. Groupings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ can create a stunning, informal screen or mass planting for larger properties.

Consider pairing this tree with late-season blooming perennials or shrubs in the understory. These companions should share similar sun and water needs, such as hydrangeas or ferns, ensuring they do not compete heavily for root space near the surface. The yellow fall foliage of the Higan cherry also contrasts beautifully with evergreen foundation plantings.

Standout Features

Flower Qualities

• Showy

Noteworthy Characteristics

The original Prunus subhirtella is an imposing tree, but the popular cultivar Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ is specifically cultivated to remain a mid-sized tree, reaching 20 to 35 feet tall with a lovely rounded crown. It is famous for its heavy spring flowering of semi-double pink blossoms, uniquely supplemented by a sparse, reblooming period occurring in the fall. While the pea-sized blackish fruits are not ornamentally significant, they do attract local bird populations.

Tolerances

• No data available

Potential Problems

Higan cherry exhibits generally good disease resistance compared to some other Prunus species, but like all cherries, vigilance is required against various insect and disease pressures. Potential diseases include fungal issues like leaf spot, leaf curl, and powdery mildew; more serious concerns involve die back and fireblight, especially in humid or stressed conditions. Regular monitoring is key for early intervention.

Insect pests to watch for include aphids, scale insects, and borers, which can weaken the tree over time. Caterpillars and Japanese beetles may defoliate foliage during peak summer months. Spider mites can also become troublesome during hot, dry periods, often indicated by stippling on the leaves or fine webbing. Prompt identification and treatment using appropriate horticultural oils or insecticides can manage outbreaks effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions

What hardiness zones is Higan cherry suitable for?

The Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ is best suited for USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 8.

How large does Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ grow?

This specific cultivar typically matures to a height between 20 and 35 feet, with a spread ranging from 15 to 30 feet.

What sun exposure does Higan cherry need?

For optimal performance and the heaviest bloom set, the Higan cherry prefers full sun, though it will tolerate conditions categorized as part shade.

When does Higan cherry bloom?

The primary bloom time for this tree is April, featuring pink flowers, with the potential for a sparse secondary bloom occurring in the fall.

Conclusion

The Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ offers superb value by providing reliable, showy pink flowers in spring followed by the rare bonus of fall rebloom, all with relatively low maintenance demands. Ensuring you plant your Higan cherry in well-drained soil within Zones 4-8 will maximize its potential. Plan your purchase and planting for fall or early spring to give this beautiful specimen tree the best start.

Wildlife Benefits

As a member of the cherry family, the Higan cherry provides benefits to local fauna, even though its ornamental fruits are small. The flowers, while typically listed as non-fragrant, are attractive early-season food sources for generalist pollinators emerging in the spring. Furthermore, the fruits produced in late summer, although not ornamentally significant to humans, are noted to be attractive to local birds, offering a natural food source.

Companion Planting

When designing a landscape around your Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’, select companions that thrive under similar full sun to partial shade conditions and require medium water input. Low-growing groundcovers that benefit from dappled light beneath the canopy, such as Vinca minor or Pachysandra terminalis, can help suppress weeds without competing aggressively with the established feeder roots of the tree. For structural interest, consider pairing it with late-flowering shrubs like certain varieties of Hydrangea or Japanese Maples selected for their shade tolerance.