Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera 'Golden Shadow')

Overview

The striking Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ offers gardeners a fast-growing, deciduous specimen, commonly known as Paper mulberry. This cultivar is noted specifically for its consistently bright, golden-yellow foliage that retains its color well throughout the summer growing season. It establishes quickly, providing rapid structure and shade, which made the species popular upon its introduction to the US decades ago.

While the straight species spreads aggressively, this cultivar still requires careful siting due to its vigorous growth habit. Plant selections must account for its eventual large size, potentially reaching 50 feet in height and 40 feet in spread under ideal conditions. Gardeners should appreciate the ornamental value of the golden leaves provided by Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ while proactively managing its invasive potential.

This tree is highly adaptable, thriving across USDA Zones 6 through 9 with impressive tolerance for urban pollutants, humidity, and drought once established. Its distinctive appearance makes it an excellent choice for large properties where its robust nature can be fully expressed, though its aggressive suckering demands respect in smaller landscapes.

Fast Facts

• Plant Family: Moraceae
• Plant Type: Tree
• Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 6-9
• Size at Maturity:
  • Height: 40-50 ft
  • Spread: 30-40 ft
• Bloom Time: April to May
• Bloom Description: Pale green
• Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade
• Water Needs: Medium
• Maintenance Level: Medium

How to Grow

Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ establishes best when planted in the spring or fall, allowing it time to root before summer heat or winter cold arrives. It adapts to fertile, well-drained soils but tolerates a wide variety of soil types. Locating it in full sun maximizes foliage color and growth rate, though it will accept light shade.

Once established, this Paper mulberry requires only medium watering, holding up well during dry spells due to its drought tolerance. Fertilization is usually unnecessary given its inherently fast growth. The most critical cultural aspect involves pruning; always prune Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ in late fall or early winter when the tree is fully dormant to prevent excessive sap bleeding from the cuts.

Be aware that this is a very fast-growing tree or large shrub that readily spreads via root suckers and self-seeds, particularly the female fruiting types. Due to this aggressive nature, site it where it will not encroach on sensitive native ecosystems or where aggressive woody plants are restricted, such as in certain areas of the Southeast US. Trees should be located out of harsh, windy sites, as their root systems can be relatively shallow, making mature specimens vulnerable to toppling.

Landscape Uses

The primary value of this fast-growing tree in the landscape is providing immediate, dense shade, making it suitable for large open spaces where rapid canopy development is a goal. Male trees serve effectively as screening or initial street trees because they provide structure without the mess associated with seeds. However, because ‘Golden Shadow’ is a female cultivar, gardeners must be prepared for the copious, showy fruit production.

When using the Paper mulberry, consider its vibrant golden foliage as a strong design element, pairing it with deep green or blue-foliaged plants to enhance the contrast. Because of its tendency to spread by suckers, it functions well in naturalizedized areas or very large open park settings where its sprawling habit can be contained or allowed to colonize boundaries. Avoid placing it near patios or walkways where dropped fruit can become a nuisance.

Standout Features

Flower Qualities

• Insignificant

Fruit Qualities

• Showy

Noteworthy Characteristics

Broussonetia papyrifera, commonly known as paper mulberry, is a fast growing deciduous tree or large shrub that matures to 40-50’ tall with a broad rounded crown in the wild. Native to Japan, China, and Polynesia, the leaves are large, rough-textured above, and variable in shape, sometimes showing lobed or mitten-like forms. The female cultivar ‘Golden Shadow’ is particularly valued for its golden yellow foliage that holds its bright color throughout the summer season.

Tolerances

• Drought

Potential Problems

Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ generally avoids serious insect or disease issues, which contributes to its hardiness. However, gardeners should monitor for fungal issues like canker and leaf spot, especially in humid climates or where air circulation is poor. Root rot can become troublesome if the site drainage is inadequate, emphasizing the need for well-drained soils during planting.

The most significant problem is actually cultural: its aggressive spreading tendency via root suckers. This requires regular monitoring, especially near lawns or perennial beds, to prevent it from taking over the area. Proactive, dormant pruning helps manage overall size and shape while mitigating potential branch breakage.

Frequently Asked Questions

What hardiness zones is Paper mulberry suitable for?

Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ is generally suitable for planting across USDA Hardiness Zones 6 through 9.

How large does Paper mulberry grow?

This tree typically reaches a mature height between 40 and 50 feet, with a corresponding spread ranging from 30 to 40 feet wide.

What sun exposure does Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ need?

For best performance and to maintain the brightest golden foliage, Paper mulberry requires full sun, although it tolerates partial shade.

When does Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ bloom?

The flowers appear in the middle of spring, generally blooming from April through May, and are noted as being pale green.

Conclusion

The Paper mulberry, specifically the stunning Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’, provides rapid growth and exceptional golden leaf color, making it a visually impactful addition to large landscapes. While its fast nature and tolerance levels are assets, be mindful of its aggressive root suckering and ensure pruning is performed correctly in deep dormancy. Before planting, verify that its vigor aligns with your site’s capacity and local regulations regarding potentially invasive species.

Companion Planting Ideas

When integrating Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ into a layered landscape, select companions that either contrast effectively with its bright foliage or share similar robust cultural needs. Native grasses that appreciate full sun and medium moisture, such as various Big Bluestem cultivars (Andropogon gerardii), create a beautiful textural contrast beneath the high canopy of the Paper mulberry.

For larger properties where its quick establishment is beneficial, consider using tough, sun-loving shrubs like certain varieties of large sumac (Rhus) or native sumacs. These shrubs complement the Moraceae family member by tolerating heat and drought conditions, thriving alongside the Paper mulberry in well-drained ground rather than competing with its faster root system.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring is the crucial time for assessment; after the threat of hard freeze passes, clean up any fallen debris and apply a slow-release fertilizer if needed, though high fertility may encourage excessive suckering. Summer care focuses primarily on water management, ensuring the medium needs are met, especially during heatwaves, and monitoring for any early signs of leaf spot infection.

Late fall or early winter, when the tree is completely dormant before the sap begins to run, is the mandatory window for major pruning to shape the large crown of Broussonetia papyrifera ‘Golden Shadow’ or remove unwanted suckers at the base. Avoid pruning during late winter or very early spring to minimize bleeding sap, a common complaint if pruning timing is incorrect.