Century plant (Agave attenuata)
The Century plant, Agave attenuata, is a spineless, gray-green succulent perfect for tropical accents in Zones 10-12.
Complete Plant Information
Overview
The Agave attenuata, widely recognized as the Century plant, stands out in succulent collections due to its exceptionally attractive, soft-looking, spineless foliage. Native to the mountains of central Mexico, this herbaceous perennial forms large, symmetrical rosettes of fleshy, pale grayish-green leaves that can reach up to 28 inches long. Its desirable texture and architectural form make the Century plant a superb focal point in xeriscaping or tropical-themed gardens.
This species establishes colonies over time by producing numerous suckers around the base rosette, creating a dense, textural groundcover effect. While it is an exceptionally drought-tolerant plant, its growth is best supported by medium watering when possible. Gardeners should note that the rosette is monocarpic, meaning it flowers only once, typically after about a decade, culminating in a dramatic, towering flower spike before that specific rosette dies back.
Due to its tropical appearance and lack of sharp spines common to other Agaves, the Century plant offers safe aesthetic appeal for accessible landscapes, borders, and containers. Growing the Agave attenuata reliably provides year-round evergreen interest, provided winter temperatures remain above freezing.
Fast Facts
- Plant Family: Asparagaceae
- Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial
- Native Range: Mexico
- Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 10-12
- Size at Maturity:
- Height: 2-3 ft
- Spread: 3-4 ft
- Bloom Time: Rarely flowers
- Bloom Description: Yellow green to white
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade
- Water Needs: Medium
- Maintenance Level: Medium
How to Grow
For optimal establishment, plant the Century plant during warm periods—spring or early summer—allowing it time to anchor before seasonal temperature shifts. It thrives best in sandy or gritty, well-drained soil to prevent root rot, though it tolerates poorer soils adequately. Ensure the location provides full sun to partial shade; excessive, harsh afternoon sun in very hot climates can occasionally scorch the leaves.
The Agave attenuata requires medium water but is notably drought-tolerant once established. While it appreciates regular irrigation, especially during the hottest months, allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings. In periods of severe drought, the leaves will naturally shrivel, but they quickly rehydrate with moisture. Fertilization is rarely necessary; excessive richness can lead to softer growth, making the plant more susceptible to pests.
Protection from frost is critical for the longevity of your Century plant. It is intolerant of freezing; temperatures dipping below 28 degrees F are particularly harmful to older specimens. In marginal zones, plan for winter protection, such as covering the rosette or growing the Agave attenuata in containers that can be moved indoors or into a protected area during cold snaps. As older leaves naturally drop, a trunk may become visible; these dead leaves can be tidily removed during routine maintenance.
Landscape Uses
The stunning visual impact of the soft, curving leaves of Agave attenuata makes it an exceptional specimen plant in the landscape. Where winter hardy, use this Century plant as a unique tropical accent, contrasting its pale green color against darker, structural foliage like dark agave or yucca varieties. Mass plantings create truly spectacular, low-maintenance groundcover statements in larger xeriscape designs.
For border applications, the spineless nature of Agave attenuata allows it to be placed nearer pathways where contact might occur, unlike many of its thorny relatives. In regions north of USDA Zone 10, container gardening is the ideal solution. When potted, the Century plant serves beautifully on patios or decks, ensuring it can be easily relocated to shelter during the winter months.
Standout Features
Flower Qualities
- Showy
Noteworthy Characteristics
Agave attenuata, commonly called century plant, is a rosette forming perennial succulent that is native to the plateaus/mountains of central Mexico. It is perhaps most noted for its attractive leaves and its huge drooping flower stems. Spineless, fleshy, ovate, light gray to pale yellowish-green evergreen leaves (to 28” long) form a large symmetrical rosette. The rosette dies after flowering, but suckers/offsets at the base remain as new plants.
Tolerances
- Drought
Potential Problems
The Century plant enjoys a reputation for being relatively pest-free, showing no serious insect or disease issues under proper care. The primary threat comes from soft-bodied garden pests, specifically slugs and snails, which are attracted to the fleshy foliage. Inspect the undersides of leaves and the crown regularly, especially during damp weather, and employ bait or trapping methods to manage these common mollusks promptly to minimize cosmetic damage to your Agave attenuata.
Frequently Asked Questions
What hardiness zones is Century plant suitable for?
The Century plant, Agave attenuata, is winter hardy in USDA Zones 10 through 12.
How large does Century plant grow?
This plant typically reaches a height between 2 to 3 feet, with a spread ranging from 3 to 4 feet at maturity.
What sun exposure does Century plant need?
Agave attenuata prefers conditions ranging from full sun to part shade in the garden.
When does Century plant bloom?
Blooming is a rare event; the Century plant rarely flowers, generally only once when mature, producing yellow-green to white blooms.
Conclusion
The Century plant (Agave attenuata) is a standout choice for gardeners seeking architectural interest without the hazards of sharp spines. Its velvety texture, architectural rosette, and excellent drought tolerance solidify its status as a premiere accent plant in warm climates. Before planting, always verify that your landscape falls within USDA zones 10-12, or plan accommodations for winter protection for this lovely succulent.
Companion Planting with Agave attenuata
Due to its preference for sharply draining, gritty soil and its need to avoid wet feet, companion plants should share similar xeriscaping requirements. Pair the Agave attenuata with other low-water perennials such as Sedums, larger ornamental grasses, or blue-leafed Senecio species. Planting it near structural plants like Yucca or columnar cacti enhances the visual contrast between soft texture and rigid form.
Container Growing Tips
Growing the Agave attenuata in containers is highly recommended for northern gardeners, offering full control over its winter environment. Use a very gritty potting mix, incorporating 50% inorganic material like pumice, perlite, or coarse sand to guarantee rapid drainage. Water deeply when the top few inches of soil are dry, and ensure the container has excellent drainage holes, as standing water is the quickest route to plant loss for this typically drought-tolerant species.
