Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) is a low-maintenance perennial herb featuring fragrant, anise-flavored foliage and early white blooms.
Complete Plant Information
Overview
Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) revitalizes shaded garden areas with its attractive, finely dissected, fern-like foliage that emits a sweet, pleasant aroma reminiscent of licorice and anise. This distinctive herbaceous perennial is an excellent addition for gardeners seeking both ornamental shade interest and culinary utility. Native to the woodlands of Western and central Europe, Myrrhis odorata forms a bushy clump that offers year-round appeal, transitioning from dark green summer leaves to brilliant gold in the autumn.
This highly adaptable plant is prized because nearly all parts of the plant are edible, offering natural sweetness that makes it especially valuable to those managing sugar intake. The early-season display of tiny white flowers clustered in compound umbels provides a delicate contrast against the textured leaves before giving way to ornamental, ribbed summer fruits. Given its low maintenance profile, Myrrhis odorata is an easy way to add herbal function to shady borders.
The genus Myrrhis is unique, containing only this single species, making the true sweet cicely a stand-out component in any herb collection. While its foliage is the primary feature, the plant’s historical use in medicine and its unique flavor profile ensure that Myrrhis odorata deserves attention in modern landscape planning.
Fast Facts
- Plant Family: Apiaceae
- Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial
- Native Range: Western and central Europe
- Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 5-9
- Size at Maturity:
- Height: 2-4 ft
- Spread: 2-4 ft
- Bloom Time: April to May
- Bloom Description: White
- Sun Exposure: Part shade to full shade
- Water Needs: Medium
- Maintenance Level: Low
How to Grow
The best results for Sweet cicely are achieved when planting occurs in spring or early fall, positioning it where it receives protection from the harshest midday sun. Myrrhis odorata thrives in organically-enriched soils; ensure the soil structure is light and able to retain consistent moisture, which is the key to success, particularly if you attempt growing it in full sun. If you choose to grow this plant in containers, select a deep pot structure to accommodate its substantial taproot.
Watering requirements are medium; consistency is crucial, especially during dry spells, as prolonged drought can stress the plant. Maintenance is generally low once established; minimal feeding is required if the soil is rich. A notable characteristic of Sweet cicely is its tendency to self-seed gently in the garden, which can lead to pleasant naturalizing throughout a shaded area.
As a biennial-like action, the foliage of Myrrhis odorata often turns a striking gold color in the fall before dying back. In late winter or early spring, clean up any lingering dead foliage. Do not be overly aggressive with division or disturbance around the root zone, given its deep taproot structure.
Landscape Uses
Sweet cicely is ideally suited for dappled light environments, making it a perfect component for woodland gardens, shady borders, and tucked-away herb pockets. Its fern-like, aromatic foliage provides excellent texture contrast against plants with broader leaves, such as hostas or ferns, softening structural plantings. Use it along pathways where the sweet fragrance of the crushed leaves can be easily enjoyed.
Beyond simple aesthetics, Myrrhis odorata functions beautifully as a culinary addition. The entire plant is edible, offering a natural sweetener—the seeds, roots, and young leaves can all be incorporated into cooking. Crisp young stalks can substitute for celery after light cooking, and the leaves mimic spinach when sautéed.
Consider planting sweet cicely near entryways or seating areas to highlight its anise scent during spring bloom. Due to its light, airy structure, it works well in layered shade plantings, bridging the gap between groundcovers and taller shrubs.
Standout Features
Flower Qualities
- Showy
Noteworthy Characteristics
Myrrhis odorata, commonly known as sweet cicely, sweet chervil or myrrh, is an herbaceous perennial native to grassy banks and woodland areas of central Europe and has widely naturalized over time. It typically grows in a bushy clump up to 4’ tall, clad with finely-divided, fern-like leaves that possess a pronounced aroma and flavor of licorice and aniseed. Tiny white flowers bloom in early spring, followed by ornamental, ribbed fruits and dark brown, licorice-flavored seeds that mature in the fall.
Companion Planting
Selecting appropriate companions helps maximize the aesthetic and functional benefits of Myrrhis odorata in the shade garden. Pair sweet cicely with plants that appreciate similar moisture and light levels, such as Lungwort (Pulmonaria), Hellebores, or early-blooming spring bulbs like Daffodils, which will finish their cycle before the Myrrhis odorata reaches its full height.
For an edible landscape component, allow the sweet cicely to grow alongside shade-tolerant greens or culinary herbs like Lemon Balm or Mint, keeping in mind that Mint should be contained. The fine texture of the leaves offers excellent structural relief when planted near solid blocks of color from woodland phlox or Columbine.
Propagation Tips
The easiest method for propagating Myrrhis odorata is via its seeds, which must be sown fresh for best germination as they contain the licorice flavor that makes this plant famous. Sow the seeds immediately upon maturity in the fall directly into prepared, moist, organic soil where you wish them to grow. Because Myrrhis odorata develops a deep taproot, avoid transplanting established plants unless absolutely necessary, as they resent root disturbance.
If dividing a large mature clump (which should be done sparingly), it is best accomplished in early spring before significant new growth emerges. Ensure that a healthy portion of the taproot remains intact with each division to successfully reestablish the plant in its new location.
Tolerances
Potential Problems
Sweet cicely exhibits excellent pest and disease resistance, making it a reliable, low-input choice for the herb garden. Gardeners rarely report serious insect infestations or fungal issues when the plant is sited correctly.
The primary concern relates to cultural conditions, specifically drainage and moisture. Ensure the soil is never allowed to become waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot, especially in heavy clay. Conversely, during hot summers, consistently moist soil is paramount to prevent leaf scorch.
Avoid the temptation to confuse this plant with true Myrrh (Commiphora species), which are entirely different trees and are not hardy in temperate climates.
Frequently Asked Questions
What hardiness zones is Sweet cicely suitable for?
Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) is reliably hardy across USDA Zones 5 through 9.
How large does Sweet cicely grow?
This herbaceous perennial typically matures to a height and spread between 2 to 4 feet wide.
What sun exposure does Sweet cicely need?
Myrrhis odorata prefers conditions ranging from part shade to full shade, though it can tolerate some unfiltered sun if soil moisture is kept consistently high.
When does Sweet cicely bloom?
The plant produces its distinctive clusters of white flowers beginning in early to mid-spring, usually between April and May.
Conclusion
Myrrhis odorata, or sweet cicely, offers exceptional value through its fragrant, anise-flavored foliage and low-maintenance nature, thriving beautifully in shady garden spots. Whether used as an edible sweetener or as a finely textured ornamental in woodland borders, this European native adds historic charm and flavor. Before planting, ensure your location provides the organically enriched soil and consistent moisture that Myrrhis odorata requires for optimal growth this season.
