Redbird flower (Pedilanthus tithymaloides)
Discover Redbird flower (Pedilanthus tithymaloides), a unique succulent shrub known for its striking zigzag stems and low-maintenance needs.
Complete Plant Information
Overview
The Redbird flower, scientifically known as Pedilanthus tithymaloides, is a highly distinctive succulent shrub prized for its architectural form. It earns its common names, such as devil’s backbone, from the uniquely zigzagging stems that create visual interest year-round, even when blooms are absent. Originating in the West Indies, this plant thrives in bright, sunny environments and offers a low-maintenance profile that appeals to many home gardeners.
As a clump-forming, evergreen subshrub, Pedilanthus tithymaloides transitions well between outdoor planting in warm climates and indoor container gardening. While it can reach up to 6 feet tall in its native range, it typically remains a manageable 2 feet indoors. Gardeners appreciate the Pedilanthus tithymaloides for its tolerance to drier conditions once established, making it an excellent choice for xeriscaping or as a statement accent.
The aesthetic appeal is further enhanced when its showy, red bracts emerge during the late spring or early summer, resembling tiny red slippers. Despite its ease of care, remember that the zigzag stems exude a milky sap when cut, a characteristic shared by many plants in the Euphorbiaceae family, warranting careful placement away from pets and children.
Fast Facts
- Plant Family: Euphorbiaceae
- Plant Type: Broadleaf evergreen
- Native Range: West Indies
- Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 9-11
- Size at Maturity:
- Height: 2-6 ft
- Spread: 1-3 ft
- Bloom Time: Rarely flowers indoors
- Bloom Description: Red
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade
- Water Needs: Medium
- Maintenance Level: Low
How to Grow
When planting outdoors where temperatures permit (Zones 9-11), choose a location receiving ample sunlight, though protection from the most intense afternoon heat is suggested. Pedilanthus tithymaloides prefers well-draining, sandy potting mixes, reflecting its native arid or semi-tropical environments. Although tolerant of somewhat poor soils, superior drainage is non-negotiable to prevent root issues. If growing indoors, particularly in cooler regions like St. Louis, ensure the container has excellent drainage holes.
Watering management for the Redbird flower is crucial. Maintain moderate but consistent moisture throughout the active growing season. A slight reduction in watering is recommended as the plant heads toward dormancy in the late fall and early winter months. Be aware that while tolerant of some dryness, if soils become excessively dry, the plant will respond by shedding its medium green, ovate leaves.
Pruning is generally required to maintain a compact shape, especially when growing Pedilanthus tithymaloides indoors where space is a constraint. Prune as needed to shape the shrub and encourage denser growth along its distinctive stems. Because the plant can grow quite tall outdoors, occasional selective trimming ensures it integrates well into landscape designs without becoming overgrown.
Landscape Uses
The Pedilanthus tithymaloides is highly effective as a small succulent subshrub specifically for sunny indoor areas where its unique form can be appreciated up close. Outdoors in subtropical settings, it functions beautifully as a textural accent plant, providing vertical interest near pathways or against contrasting foliage. Its drought tolerance makes it an excellent candidate for xeriscaping or low-water garden beds.
Consider using the Redbird flower in containers, especially when aiming for striking visual contrast. Pair it with plants that require similar bright light and sharp drainage, such as other succulents, cacti, or heat-loving drought-tolerant perennials. Its height potential also allows it to serve as a dramatic backdrop plant in mixed container arrangements.
Standout Features
Flower Qualities
- Showy
Noteworthy Characteristics
Pedilanthus tithymaloides is commonly called devil’s backbone in reference to the zigzag stems that purportedly resemble a spinal column. Native from southern Florida and the Caribbean to Venezuela, this clump-forming succulent shrub or subshrub will grow in nature to 6’ tall and to 3’ wide. Showy, two-lipped, red bracts encase insignificant tiny scarlet flowers in late spring or early summer; however, the plants rarely bloom indoors. The genus name honors the sandal-like shape of the flowers.
Tolerances
- Drought
Potential Problems
This plant generally exhibits low susceptibility to serious insect or disease issues, which adds to the low maintenance profile of the Redbird flower. However, indoor specimens or those grown in overly humid conditions should be monitored for common houseplant pests such as mealybugs or spider mites. Inspect the undersides of leaves and stem joints regularly. Treating minor infestations early, often with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, prevents widespread issues in the environment of the Pedilanthus tithymaloides.
Frequently Asked Questions
What hardiness zones is Redbird flower suitable for?
The Redbird flower (Pedilanthus tithymaloides) is winter hardy in USDA Zones 9 through 11, making it a reliable outdoor perennial in those warm regions.
How large does Redbird flower grow?
This succulent subshrub typically reaches a height between 2 to 6 feet and spreads 1 to 3 feet wide in its natural habitat, though indoor specimens are generally smaller.
What sun exposure does Pedilanthus tithymaloides need?
This plant performs best when given full sun, but it can tolerate light partial shade, especially protection from harsh, hot afternoon sun when growing indoors.
When does Redbird flower bloom?
When grown outdoors, the Redbird flower may produce its characteristic red flowers in late spring or early summer. However, plants rarely bloom when kept indoors.
Conclusion
The striking, zigzag architecture of Pedilanthus tithymaloides ensures it remains a focal point in any sunny location, indoor or out. With its low maintenance requirements and drought tolerance, the Redbird flower is an outstanding choice for gardeners seeking unusual, resilient greenery. Before planting, confirm that your USDA hardiness zone falls within 9 to 11, or plan to treat this unique succulent as a cherished houseplant.
Companion Planting
When selecting companions for Pedilanthus tithymaloides in containers or sunny borders, focus on species that share a preference for bright light and excellent drainage. Succulents like Echeveria, Sedum, or various low-growing Agave species pair perfectly, complementing the texture of the Redbird flower without competing for water. Avoid moisture-loving border plants that require consistently damp soil, as this will jeopardize the health of the Pedilanthus tithymaloides.
Propagation Tips
The zigzag stems of the Redbird flower are easily propagated, making it simple to expand your collection or replace older, leggy growth. Take stem cuttings during the warmer months, ensuring the cutting has several nodes and a clean cut below a zigzag point. Allow the cutting to callous over for several days until the cut end dries and seals, which prevents rot. Once calloused, plant the cutting directly into sterile, sandy succulent mix and keep it lightly moist until roots form, typically yielding a brand new, strong plant.
