Myrtle (Myrtus communis)
Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a fragrant, broadleaf evergreen known for showy white flowers and low maintenance. Ideal for Mediterranean gardens.
Complete Plant Information
Overview
Myrtus communis, commonly known as Myrtle, is a treasured broadleaf evergreen shrub prized for its aromatic foliage and sweetly fragrant summer blooms. Native to the Mediterranean region, this plant brings a classic, formal look to temperate gardens, thriving where mild winters allow for year-round enjoyment. The intensity of its fragrance makes it a standout feature even when not in flower.
This species, Myrtus communis, establishes itself as a manageable shrub or small tree, typically reaching 4 to 6 feet in height and spread in optimal conditions. Its glossy, dark green leaves are strongly aromatic when bruised, lending culinary and ornamental value throughout the year. Gardeners appreciate the low maintenance required by established Myrtle once siting conditions are met.
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Myrtle serves several practical purposes, functioning well as an herb, a formal hedge, or an excellent container specimen. Successful cultivation hinges on providing sharp drainage, as this Mediterranean native dislikes perpetually wet feet.
Fast Facts
- Plant Family: Myrtaceae
- Plant Type: Broadleaf evergreen
- Native Range: Northern Africa, southwestern Asia, southern Europe
- Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 8-10
- Size at Maturity:
- Height: 4-6 ft
- Spread: 3-5 ft
- Bloom Time: May to July
- Bloom Description: White with yellow-tipped stamens
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade
- Water Needs: Medium
- Maintenance Level: Low
How to Grow
Plant Myrtus communis during cool periods, either spring or fall, in locations receiving full sun to light afternoon shade. The most critical requirement for successful cultivation is soil structure; aim for moderately fertile, medium moisture soil that is exceptionally well-drained. Sharply drained soils are important to prevent root issues.
Watering should be consistent while the plant is young, maintaining medium moisture levels. Established plants exhibit good drought tolerance, aligning with their native habitat, so allow the soil surface to dry slightly between deep waterings. Fertilizing is rarely necessary unless the soil is extremely poor.
For gardeners in marginal climates (Zones 8-10), container growing is a successful strategy. Ensure pots have excellent drainage holes and plan to overwinter the container indoors, especially if temperatures dip significantly below freezing. Propagation of this low-maintenance shrub can be achieved using seeds or cuttings.
Landscape Uses
The versatility of Myrtle makes it highly valuable in formal and informal designs alike. It excels as a specimen plant, drawing attention due to its year-round evergreen structure and fragrant blooms. For creating defined spaces, Myrtus communis performs admirably as a low hedge or screen, especially when neatly pruned.
Due to its manageable size, Myrtle is perfect for patio containers and large planters near entertaining areas where its fragrance can be fully appreciated. In the landscape, consider its Mediterranean origins and pair it with drought-tolerant plants like lavender, rosemary, or various ornamental grasses that share similar sun and drainage preferences. The glossy foliage also contrasts beautifully against light-colored hardscaping.
Standout Features
Flower Qualities
- Showy
- Fragrant
Noteworthy Characteristics
Myrtus communis, commonly called myrtle, is a broadleaf evergreen shrub or small tree that is native to the Mediterranean region. Pointed, opposite, ovate to lanceolate, glossy dark green leaves (to 2” long) are strongly aromatic when bruised. White aromatic flowers (3/4”) with many yellow tipped stamens bloom in late spring/summer, followed by blue-black berries.
Tolerances
- Drought
Potential Problems
Myrtle generally experiences few serious insect or disease challenges, contributing to its low maintenance rating. However, cultural stress will invite issues; root rot is the primary concern and occurs when soils are poorly drained or overwatered. Monitor closely for sap-sucking pests such as scale, thrips, and spider mites, particularly if the plant is stressed or grown indoors over winter. Treat minor infestations promptly with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
Frequently Asked Questions
What hardiness zones is Myrtle suitable for?
Myrtle is winter hardy to USDA Zones 8 through 10, thriving best where winter lows stay above freezing.
How large does Myrtle grow?
This plant typically matures between 4 to 6 feet in height, with a spread ranging from 3 to 5 feet, though it can occasionally reach much larger sizes over time.
What sun exposure does Myrtus communis need?
Myrtus communis prefers full sun for the best flowering and densest habit, though it tolerates light partial shade well.
When does Myrtle bloom?
The fragrant blooms of Myrtle appear from May through July, featuring white petals contrasted by numerous yellow-tipped stamens.
Conclusion
Embrace Myrtus communis for its elegant evergreen structure, intense summertime fragrance, and adaptability as a versatile herb or structural shrub. This low-maintenance Myrtle brings a true Mediterranean essence to your garden spaces. Before planting, ensure your site offers the sharp drainage required for the long-term success of this beautiful species.
Companion Planting
When selecting companions for Myrtle, prioritize drought-tolerant Mediterranean natives that share the need for full sun and well-draining soil. Plants like Santolina (Lavender Cotton) offer contrasting gray foliage that complements the deep green of the Myrtus communis leaves. Rosemary, both the culinary and trailing varieties, serves as an excellent structural companion that occupies a similar textural niche. For a softer look along borders, consider pairing them with low-growing Sedum varieties or hardy perennial salvias that bloom later in the summer.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring marks the best time to begin any necessary structural pruning on Myrtle to shape the desired form before active growth begins. As temperatures rise in late spring, begin regular supplemental watering if the plant is young or experiencing unusual heat, though established drought tolerance should cover most summer needs. In autumn, if you live near the edge of Zone 8, plan for winter protection or move containerized plants indoors before the first hard frost. Winter care emphasizes keeping the soil protected from excessive moisture, especially crucial for container specimens overwintering inside.
